商丘市委副秘书长为写好机关公文开妙方

　 商丘市委副秘书长为写好机关公文开妙方:

　将“积累”内存进行到底

　【编者按】写好公文，是机关工作的重要内容，是机关干部的基本功。尽管如此，很多机关干部，由于没有把握要领、把握精髓、把握方法，因而，拟出的公文，有的不合题意，有的思路泛泛，有的平平淡淡，有的用词不当。中共商丘市委副秘书长、市委办公室主任吴金山，从事机关文秘工作十多年，撰文提出“将积累内存进行到底；把运作策术贯穿始终；让创新动力飞跃起来”三大方法，在此予以刊登，以飨读者，希冀有所启示、有所启发、有所启迪。

　积累·运作·创新

　---与机关工作人员谈谈公文写作事宜

　中共商丘市委副秘书长、市委办公室主任 吴金山

　 机关是运帱帷幄的中枢，有规律可循、道法可依、精髓可言。归纳起来，其实，机关只有三件事：做文、做事、做人。做文，是说文字表达能力的功夫。这是机关人员的基本功。在机关，做文，就是写公文。与其说是写公文，倒不如说是写思想、写工作。写好公文不是很容易的事。做为从事文字秘书工作的十多年的秘书人员，最深刻的体会是：首先，坚定信念，相信“我能行”，把公文写作当做职业，当做事业，当做生命，乐此不疲。其次，把握要点，聪明+勤奋、悟性+磨砺、时间+实践。再次，掌控妙方，积累、运作、创新。写好公文，积累、运作、创新，是核心。积累是基础，运作是关键，创新是核心。这里，随意展开去，以抛砖引玉之言，求方家点拨一二，请读者批评指正。

　将“积累”内存进行到底

　积累，是对知识、学问、经验、能力、智慧的积淀积存。南宋诗人陆游说：“汝果欲学诗，功夫在诗外。”想写精写好诗，不在写作那一刻，而在于平时的读书、积累、感悟。成才的途径，大致有四条：读万卷书，行万里路，交万家友，集万人经（验）。行万里路，交万家友，由于时、空的限制，不容易做到。但是，读万卷书、集万人经，则是可行的。读书是写好公文、奠实基础的第一步，也是最为重要的一步。拥有一座水晶山，才能送人一颗水晶石。对机关干部来说，积累，基本可以归结为读书问题。这是汇聚知识、集结经验、提升智慧、写好公文的源头活水。没有丰厚的内存，哪有厚积薄发的文章。

　读书的缘由。当今时代，无论是融入国际国内，还是适应团队集体；无论时局时势的需要，还是个人发展进步的选择；无论是引领时代的责任，还是汲取营养的呼唤，读书都是不可少的。机关干部，为什么更需要读书？传承文明的重任。文明，是时代进步的象征。人类发展史就是人类文明史。历朝历代的官员和文人，都担负着传承文明的责任。机关干部，是当今社会的精英，是文明的继承者、维持者、应用者、发扬者、光大者，更应比普通老百姓有着更为艰巨的使命，理所当然地担负起继承和弘扬优秀文明成果的重担，树立文明理念，增强文明意识，自觉当好承继文明的先锋。引领时代的使命。人是社会的产物，是打上时代烙印的。当今时代，正处在知识时代、信息时代、网络时代。现代知识更新速度是3至5年。目前，我们已经从五年前“世界是平的”，向“世界又平又挤又热”转变。打开书本，古往今来人类的经验、知识、智慧，五彩缤纷，斑斓多姿，万千气象，呈现在眼前。机关人员是时代的引领者、跟随者，必须与时俱进，时时学习，终生学习。拉动发展的杠杆。发展是硬道理，发展是第一要务。发展靠什么，靠实干；怎么干，最有效，光蛮干不行，只知干也不行。简单的头脑，必然是社会的淘汰品。必须有学问、知识、智慧，向书本学习、向实践学习、向他人学习、向网络学习。书读多了，思想火花的就光芒，思路的由来就清晰，发展的办法就增多。新形势新要求新使命，需要以科学发展观为引领，静下心来，深钻细研，把握精髓。纵横职场的选择。一个人，要发展进步、与众不同，要在职场取得非常的业绩，根本的要拥有知识。知识从哪里来，从书本中来，从感悟中来，从实践中来。只有读书，才能掌握理论、观察事物、把握形势；才可有所感悟、有所收获、有所作为。读书犹如趟大河，随水而下，一路前行，将领略到翻滚的浪花、繁茂的林海、亮丽的风景。现在有些人不看报、不读书，能力不高，怎么在职场有更大作为。所以，不论工作多繁忙，都要抽出时间，静心学习。创造人生的璀璨。立身以立学为先，立学以读书为本，自古就是儒生们得读书境界。“板凳要坐十年冷，文章不写一句空”。读书，初读时，坐一二个小时还行；坐上一天，就不容易了。更何况天天如此？不过，要记住：书是一个孩子，你对她好，她对你也好；你对她坏，她对你也坏。读书，战胜懒惰、战胜个人、战胜超越。人生，因此而灿烂辉煌、光彩耀人、璀璨夺目！

　 读书的内容。作为党政领导干部，一定以科学发展观为指导，顺应时代发展的潮流，对读书的作用、内涵、用途，都要了如指掌。读什么书，我觉得，机关干部应该读“经、史、子、集，文、哲、工、专、杂”。经。指的是《四书》、《五经》。这是中国智慧的总源头。学习这些知识，便拥有了智慧；拥有这些智慧，便无往而不胜。比如《易经》、《诗经》、《论语》、《大学》等。近年来，海内外兴起一股读经热。譬如《论语》，由孔子和弟子的言论集，短短数几千言，饱含了人生大智慧。读经书，是一种榜样效应、圣哲效应、引领效应，使自己活得更像人样。史。读历史是智慧的事。历史好比一部鸿篇巨著，装载着昨天的纪录、今天的显现、明天的向导。历史，思接万载，视通万里，令人销魂。读历史，可知古人、可鉴今世，可测未来。读历史，尤要学中国近现代史，学中共党史，深化对共产党执政、社会主义建设、人类社会发展规律的认识。子。就是诸子百家之言。诸子百家是东方文化的重要精髓。一个机关干部，在百忙之中，挤出时间阅读参详大量百家诸言，便可窥见天心，听懂天言，修成天使。譬如，《道德经》云：“上善若水。水善利万物而不争，处众人之所恶，故几于道。”这些给我们的启迪：要像水那样深沉，要像水那样真诚，要想水那样机动。集。是指对大家经典著作的诠释，或伟大人物的思想集成。比如，南宋时期理学家朱熹编纂的《四书集注》，把“四书”会合在一起，融贯理学的思想，成为历次科举考试的摹本，构建了几百年间中国思想的靓丽风景。类似的书有《曾国藩家书》、《毛泽东选集》，都是思想、智慧、文化的集大成者。对于这些，机关人员一定要学习、学深、学精。文。就是文学著作。文学，太宽泛、太博大、太深奥。读文学恒久魅力，在于读生活、想意境、悟精髓。读文学永远不过时。文学作品，浩如烟海，对于机关干部而言，像《文选》、《古诗源》、《唐诗三百首》、《古文观止》、《千家诗》等等，都是优秀作品。此外，诺贝尔文学奖、中国茅盾文学奖之类的书，也要挤出时间阅读。哲。哲学是研究聪明的学问，是人生的金钥匙，思维的原动力。学哲学，既要学唯物辩证法、学马列理论著作，还要学亚里士多德、苏格拉底、尼采、黑格尔、康德等。每部书都显深奥的哲理，每个人都有独特的风姿。在复杂、变化、多元的世界，变繁杂为简约，变浅显为深刻，变弱小为博大，哲学功底最耀眼。专。就是从事本职工作所必用的书籍。干什么，就要学什么。从事机关工作，如果连专业书籍都不学，那么，能力从何而来。读书，因内心的志趣而播种，因丰厚的滋养而生根，因坚韧的耕耘而开花，因觉悟的积累而结果。工。其实指经济知识。这是机关人员知识中核心之核心。因担心与前面的“经”相冲突，故而用“工”字来替代。机关工作人员，如果不知一二三产业格局，不懂得金融、商贸、外经、旅游，不了解科技、网络、信息；不谙熟科学发展观、节能减排，恐怕很难胜任本职工作。杂。就是要多读书，读多书。机关工作事多、面广，工作人员要掌握广博的知识，坚持“开卷有益”，做到上知天文地理，下知鸡毛蒜皮，做“通才”和“杂家”。

　读书的方法。读书是大课题、大问题、大学问。百人百法，千人千方。每个人的基础、特质、个性、积累、经验等等不同，怎么读也千差万别。这里，有四个问题需要研究把握：读书如何更有力。要制定计划，列一张书单子，刚性规定，每天阅读网读多少文章，撰写多少材料，读多少页书籍，记多少名言警句，都要有量化的指标。要养成习惯，树立读书也是工作的理念，让读书学习同穿衣吃饭一样，成为良好的习惯。要博阅精读，就是无论是什么都要广泛阅读，但是要精读重点，记忆思想深刻、精髓要领的东西。读书如何更有效。要善于思考。人类信息技术，引发了知识革命，解放了生产力。目前网络阅读大有代替书籍阅读之势。这无可厚非。如同多年之后，机关、企事业人员在家可以办公，而单位办公室不复存在一样。然而，万变不离其宗。网络，没有改变学习基调。思考是读书、知识、智慧的积累。不积累，等于零；不思考，等于零；不用智，等于零。要融会贯通。由于“铁杵磨绣针，功到自然成”的缘故，“一目十行，过目不忘”，是可以达到的。要持之以恒。要一点一滴读，一丝不苟读，坚持不懈读，持之以恒读。成才成功、成名成家，就在读书的守护中，潜移默化、日积月累、积小成多，实现质的跃升。读书如何更有趣。要飞扬思维。树立读书是快乐的、是积极的、联系的、创造的、主动的的模式。要解放大脑。确定读书（网读）的历史方位、文化方位、思想方位，抓纲、连线、织网、捞鱼，激发大脑的记忆力、想象力、迸发力。要专心专注。凸面镜下的焦点才会燃烧。专心专注，才能滚辗出美丽的风景。小事成就大事，细节决定成败。机关人员读书，一定要动手、动口、动笔、动脑，联系实际，联系工作，写出感悟，体会心得，真正把书读进去了，化为自己的知识，溶解在血液中，达到“人文合一”。读书如何更有用。“尽信书，不如无书”。学习的目的在于运用。要把学到的知识，渗透到运用的过程中，尤其把有见地、有建议、有意义的事情，运用到公文中。这是基本目的。会读书、会学习，更要会应用。在读书过程中，要与思想、工作、实际紧密柔和起来，应用实践，指导工作，发扬光大。一鸣惊人的人，必定是在不鸣则已时厉兵秣马；动如脱兔的人，必定在静若处子时默默养锐；一夜成名的人，必定在一夜之前演练积累。

　把“运作”策术贯穿始终

　古人云：“文章，经国之大业，不朽之盛事”、“文章合为时而著，歌诗合为事而作”。真想写好公文，除了平时积累外，更要有运作理念。运作，有思想思路之意，有工作举措之策，有篇章结构之术，有语言文字之要。要从文学、社会学、政治学、经济学、运筹学角度，把公文写作当成大事情，实行一篇文章一个项目工作法，去策划、运作、实施，乃关键之举、实用之法、提升之路。

　领航之契题。所谓契题，简言之，就是符合题意，符合要求。这里，我想起高考作文来，每每高考作文得高分原因，首先是没有跑题，符合提示要求。这就是契题的领航作用。写公文，如果不合题意，不管是有多年公文写作经验的同志，还是才高八斗的博士生，那么，写出的公文，领导也不一定满意。要知写什么，无论是文体，还是中心，思想写法也不同。要思给谁写，不同的身份，在思维层次、考虑问题的角度、内容重心、详略取舍方面，都有所不同。要问写给谁，不同的对象要求不同，不同的场合口气不同。比如，对群众讲话要亲切通俗易懂，才能得到受众的欢迎。要想稿子起什么作用，是对工作进行动员、部署、指导，还是对问题进行请示、报告、解答。这些都要明白、把握、领悟。契题有明契和暗契，浅契和深契。明契，指公文中要有材料中体现立意要求的文字，大多用于议论文和夹议夹论文体。暗契，就是公文中的中心思想在立意上表现出来，一般在段尾处和结尾处。浅契，是在文中直接点明立意的文字，是浅层次的；深契，则是深层次、精神的、浑然一体的。契题的成功，就是方向的成功。

　深邃之思想。“立片言而居要，乃一篇之警策”，这是思想花朵的芬芳。文章就是思想的载体。所谓有思想，就是公文要有鲜明的立场观点，提倡什么，反对什么，必须旗帜鲜明。写文章就是表达思想。思想是公文的核心。拥有思想的材料，是豪气干云的大英雄乔峰；没有思想的材料，是毫无活力的机械人庄聚贤。机关干部写公文，是为了阐述观点，表明态度，指导工作，推进落实。如果一篇文章之中，能让人记忆在心、念念不忘的话，那么，其思想性则非同一般。文章因思想增辉，因思想传颂，因思想提升。范仲淹《岳阳楼记》“先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐”的思想，至今千古流传。要把上边的东西实际化，在上下结合中提出具体要求。要把具体的东西理性化，从一般现象看出不一般本质。要把传统的东西赋予时代内涵，使人感到有新思想、有新语言、有新启发。公文体现的是思想的深度、做人的高度、生命的厚度。当提练思想时，要向接近真理的方向努力。不能偏离方针政策、法律、法规和规章制度，更不能违反违背这些。思想的成功，就是深度的成功。

　高远之立意。“百尺竿头需进步，十方世界是全身”。公文成功与否，对人有无启发，有无指导作用，关键看立意高不高，道理深不深。机关工作，是做实际工作的，提出问题、分析问题、处理问题、解决问题，最为重要。总结经验、提出思路、开出妙方，都必须既紧贴实际，实事求是，更要立意高远，站位全局。立意高远，就是站在全局的高度、领导的高度、时代的高度，提炼思想、策划观点、谋篇布局、遣词造句。还要思路顺、框架顺、逻辑顺。公文，如同韩愈所说“师者，所以传道授业解惑也”，是指导工作，交流经验，解决问题的，一定要准、清、顺。公文，比如说领导讲话，立意必须大气。怎样才能写出大气的文章呢？就是读大气文、交大师友。“近朱者赤，近墨者黑”，常和大气文亲近，也能大气起来。文章的“意”，就是文章的“灵魂”，文章的“思想”。公文中，一般要有体会、感悟，要悟出点什么来，悟到了人生的哲理、工作的体会、成绩的缘由等等。如此，立意就比较高了。有无高度深度广度立度。是衡量立意的最重要标准。如果有崇高的立意，那么就会有崇高的思想。立意的成功，就是主题的成功。

　精准的论据。义理、考据和辞章，是不可或缺的内容。任何一篇好的公文，通篇充满着考据的力量。考据，乃是那些证明论的事实。一切都要有事实作支撑。没有事实的观点，是空泛的的观点；没有事实的思想，是无据的思想。事实最有说服力，也最能感动人。在写作公文时，还要考虑怎样才能把事实交待清楚，写得完美，使人读起来有兴味。要在抽象的论述中加些不抽象的东西，增加生动性。起草公文，讲的道理、列的数字，是抽象的，但是可以通过穿插具体人、单位、事实，增加直观性。要把工作要求讲细致，用形象化的语言表述出来，重视细节，同样可以栩栩如生、引人入胜。写公文的目的是客观反映事物，帮助认识和改造世界。在写作公文时，运用论据，可以使论据新颖生动，与众不同。但需要注意的是，必须确保这些论据真实可靠。真是事实的生命。没有真，思想就无根。特别是涉及人名、国籍、年代、出处等等，都要力求搞得很准，不能有硬伤。论据的成功，就是观点的成功。

　巧妙之结构。结构便是公文的房子框架。房子造得如何，首先看结构。公文的结构是，关键是符合大多数人的审美情趣。公文的结构，往往有这样的模式：观点＋例文＋分析＋结论。这是人们普遍乐于运用并接受的一种行文方式。从一定意义上讲，公文写作的流程，简言之，是从大到小谋篇，从小到大行文。从大到小谋篇，就是根据公文类别性质搞清楚谋篇布局，分析各种公文的框架结构，文件有文件的结构，报告有报告的结构，讲话有讲话的布局。要自己多看些现成的公文，报刊杂志，互联网上倒处都是，分析别人通篇的结构布局，搞清楚全文分哪几个部分来行文，自然就会触类旁通。从小到大行文：做好谋篇布局，就要开始动笔了。一般步骤是先说是什么，再写为什么，然后阐述如何做，最后说达到什么效果。其实，结构最为重要的就是红线贯穿、上下贯通、一气呵成，逻辑、严谨、缜密性很强。结构的成功，就是逻辑的成功。

　激扬之语言。公文的语言，是作者的硬功夫。语言丰富多彩，令人如浴春风；语言哲理跌出，使人爱不释手。公文，意在指导工作，要准确，义正词严，掷地有声，铿锵有力；要简洁，只有简洁才能给人以更多信息，才能表达更多的东西；要大气，文以气为主，“气”是写作的根基，写出好作品，必须养气；要动情，动之以情，晓之以理，心旷神怡；遵循一般的语法规则、逻辑规则之外，还必须遵循一些特殊要求。其中特别需要注意：时间的表达；空间的表达；职务、姓名的表达；数量的表达；范围的表达；程度的表达；语气、神态的表达。在用句式时，宜多用常见句，少用晦涩句；多用短句，少用长句；多用启发句，少用命令句。要运用群众语言，群众爱听爱记，更爱学爱用。要运用调查资料，写公文前，要深入基层，深入实际，调查研究，掌握一手资料。要运用数字数据，数字枯燥无味，如果运用得当，则会增强文章感染力。要运用典故格言。在历史长河中，古今中外留下了许多脍炙人口的典故，事例不一定真，所阐述的思想却是真实的，运用得当，文章增色增辉。语言的成功，就是文采的成功。

　让“创新”动力飞跃起来

　创新的文章都爱读，创新的文章都爱存，创新的文章都爱记，创新的文章都爱用。写公文，是写工作、写经验、写任务，更是写思想、写能力、写方法、写创造。写作公文，有三种不同的方法：第一种，学习他人，人云亦云，抄抄写写，拼凑成章；第二种，积极借鉴，提炼升华，锐意创造，创新公文。第三种，我行我素，天马行空，特立独行，卓尔不群。三种方法，会有三种不同的公文。

　领会一个意图。就是领会领导意图。其实，这是可以上升到讲政治的问题。要认识到，公文是根据领导安排来写的，是为领导执笔，为单位代言，千万不要认为是自己写东西、随心所欲，也不能不服从安排，把一些语言随机性阐发见解，更不能颠覆领导的思想、思路、意图，“另起炉灶”。在实际写作中，有妙笔生花之才的人，确因领会不透领导意图，而写不好公文的屡见不鲜；也有文字功底不是特别深厚，而因领会了领导意图，把公文写的领导很满意的同样为数不少。因此，琢磨意图，把握方向，关注重点，公文写起来就得心应手。当然，领会领导意图，不是机械的，而是需要丰富、发展乃至创新的。比如，有的领导同志说明意图时，开始是初步不成熟的，起草时，完全可以适当延伸、深化，对领导未想的补充、分散的集中、想说而没说的显示。有的领导因工作忙，对某个公文讲的意见比较乱，要善于提炼，总结拔高、集中合成，把不必要的剔除，把不完整的补充，把不一致的调整，以保证公文质量。

　把握两个要求。即：删繁就简，标新立异。删繁就简，就是把复杂问题简单化，繁杂问题简约，繁简适宜，详略得当，宜详则详，该易则易，既要惜墨如金，尤要泼墨如水。公文写作，要删繁就简、明白清楚、流畅自然。具体做到：简洁明白、流畅自然；深入浅出、内蕴丰富；主题集中、结构清晰；实感真情、含蓄质朴。要准确表达每个字、每个词、每句话、每一段，加强练字、练词、练句能力的训练，养成简约生动叙事，清楚明白说理，形象描绘，准确说明，饱含情感写作的习惯。任何公文，都要求真、求实，用更为经济、更加简约的方法，表达出来，简单、朴实，杜绝浮华，干净利落。标新立异，就是无论思想观点，还是框架结构；无论主要内容，还是遣词造句，都要有独创性，有个性特征。写公文，要有创新。创新独具卓识，力破陈规，锐意进取。发现一种现象后，立即纵深一步，探究原因，或者立即想到反面，或联想到与之相关的事物。在包罗万象的信息时代里，写作公文，要创新，把一些意念、想法和见解重组，创新理念、新思想、新举措宝；要钻研，善于发现分析问题，通过思考、总结、归纳，抓住关键，确立主题，认真解决；要变化，字句多变化，语言活泼，生动形象，妙语连珠。这是把公文创造性写好写精的途径。其实，这是超越常规的导引、智慧能量的释放、奇思妙想的发挥。

　秉持三条原则。这是写作公文的三个阶段、三个层级、三个高度、三个要领。有时可以采用其一，也可用其二，还可三个综合起来用。用公文的语言写公文。公文是代表组织的行为活动，是有指令性、指导性特征，是严肃、严谨、严格的事。犹如古代皇帝说话，慎之又慎，不随意乱说。公文语言要求庄重、准确、朴实、精练、严谨、规范。庄重，语言端庄、格调郑重、用语严肃；准确，真实确切，褒贬得当，语意明确，界限清楚，符合实际；朴实，平直自然、是非清楚、明白晓畅、恰如其分、通俗易懂；精练，简明扼要，精当不繁，化繁为简，详略适宜；严谨，含义确切、文句严谨、细致周密、分寸得当；规范，符合语法，规范严谨，逻辑无误，合乎要求。用散文的语言写公文。公文也讲究文采，散文化语言写公文也是允许的。当然，这是根据公文的要求，为了增加公文的可读性运用的，而辅助采取的一种方式。在公文写作中，散文语言，因精彩描述、感悟，而使公文增色添彩。决不是说，要把公文刻意写成散文。这样，就背离了公文的特性。散文的内容，是描写、感悟。描写，是抒情的起点或依托，是情思飞动的缘由；感悟，既是对事物意义的发现，也是神思飞扬的体验。散文的形式，经常运用多种修辞方法，是“形散神不散”。“形散”，就是形式散淡散漫、自由灵活，不拘一格；“神不散”，就是内容中心突出，主题明确，思想深刻。用杂文的语言写公文。刘勰《文心雕龙》中说：“文以辩洁为能，不以繁缛为巧；事以明核为美，不以深隐为奇。”公文写作，实话实说，多用直叙；只作说明，慎用抒情。杂文语言，是投枪，是匕首；有辛辣，有讽刺；或幽默，或风趣。这是杂文语言特征的外化。在写作公文中，如要揭示落后、反动的现象，则可用用批评批判性方式，那么，使用杂文语言，则起到事半功倍的效应。与此同时，为造就缤纷的公文语言，加深思想性、针对性、功用性，在非正式文件的公文中，还可采用比方、夸张、比拟、排比修辞方式，运用口语、俗语、网络语。当然，一定要把握好“度”。

　力求四个一样。“风声雨声读书声，声声在耳；家事国事天下事，事事关心”。机关工作人员，要由大批有真知灼见的人来担当。这些人应该志存高远，“身无分文，心忧天下”，不是干一阵，而是干一辈；不是做大官，而是做大事。我觉得，机关人员，写好公文，要关注情况，把握规律，努力做到“四个一样”，向“四家”迈进。像理论家一样理性思考。理论家就是在各个领域发现或者提出重大理论的人。机关人员，首先是政策理论的掌握者、掌控者乃至掌舵者。这种特质，决定了要有理论家素养。要从局部、感性、表面的现象跳出来，辩证理性分析，提炼升华思想，总结带有规律性的东西。在写作公文时，把一些思想的东西，提取提炼出来，最为重要。具有思辨性、理论性、深刻性，是妙笔生花之笔，具有画龙点睛的功效。有的材料看上去不错，又觉得少点什么。其实就是少几句高度概括、凝练凝重的话，让人打不下深刻的烙印。像文学家一样浮想联翩。文学家学拥有想象奇特，能够把不同的对象放在一起进行比较，把没有关系的事物之间建立联系。文学家与公文家的不同，文学家是形象的、感知的；公文家是理念的、抽象的。在写作过程中，机关人员如果能像文学家那样，把思维调动起来，让思想活跃起来，把两种相互对立的思想，融会在一起、交集在一起、容纳在一起，进行新的来年息、整合、组装，则会碰撞出新的成果。有公文写作经验的同志，通常知道如何把彼此之间没有绝对联系的东西，通过一条红线贯穿起来。这样，高度、深度、立体度都有了。像教育家一样细致入微。公文，师也。“师者，所以传道受业解惑也”。公文的终极功能，是用来总结经验、交流情况、推广经验、教会方法、促进工作。机关工作人员，要明确受众对象，坚持细微观察，善于发现，认真总结，丰富储存，教人方法，给人启示，让人明白。这就等于给人以鱼与授人以渔的关系。给一条鱼，一顿吃完，没有了；给一个捕鱼的方法，天天有鱼吃。在写公文时，要沉下心来，精心思考，反复推敲，熟而生巧，巧而生精。像史学家家一样深刻深邃。历史是一部精彩绝伦的连续剧，观念的演变、工作的推移、发展的前进，都有时间的连续性，都是普通劳动者与社会精英共同创造的。一件历史事件都是下一个历史的缘由，后一个历史事件也是上一个事件的结果。没有对历史的把握，是不可能昭示现在，指明未来。写公文，无论内容或形式，都要坚持唯物史观。分析问题要知前因、知缘由，有分析、有深度，把握本质，挖掘联系，从众多矛盾中拎出重点，从复杂问题中提炼核心，从历史沿革中彰显厚重，悉心研究，发现问题，化解矛盾，有所发现，有所创造。

　绿色推开春天的门，书籍叩开知识的门，智慧打开理想的门。怎样让写公文同喝凉水般不再难？一种思维--成功的想象力；两把利剑--时间和实践；三样宝器--积累、经营、创新，可以做到，完全可以做到！与书本相握，随孤灯作伴，同钻研为伍，丢掉懒惰，向本领靠拢；放弃功利，向实力迈进；抛开满足，向功业进军。果如此，写好公文，必是“秋天已经过去，春天不久将至”！

　Opinions and suggestions on the party's mass line educational practiceAccording to the central and provincial, municipal unified deployment, according to municipal Party committee "about carrying out the party's mass line educational practice activity in the city's implementation opinions, the spirit of the party's mass line educational practice activities from 20** in January to 99 months, carried out at all levels of departments and directly affiliated institutions and grass-roots party organizations. According to my actual County, the county to carry out the education practice put forward the following implementation opinions.First, the overall requirementsCounty county education practice to the eighteen Party of eight, the spirit of the the third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee as the guidance, conscientiously implement the spirit of general secretary Xi Jinping book series of important speech, earnestly implement the Central Committee really, opinions and advice > < < >, < party implementing the guiding ideology of opinions to determine the objectives and requirements, step method, in accordance with the "" look in the mirror, dress up, wash bath, cure treatment, the general requirements of "for the people pragmatic honest people as the theme, in carrying forward the spirit of Zhuanglang Zhuang, improve their work style, service to the masses of the people, the foundation of consolidating grassroots, promote transformation across efforts, to further implement the central eight regulations and < The opposition party and government austerity waste regulations "," double section "provincial regulations, municipal provisions of the" twelve "plan and the implementation measures for < on improving the work style of close ties with the masses law, highlight style building, carry out the whole wind spirit, resolutely oppose formalism, bureaucracy, hedonism and wasteful extravagance to solve the problems, Party members and cadres of the style and the masses of people strong, the Ministry of Party members and cadres to further improve their thinking and understanding, to further change the style of the wind, the masses to close, honest and pragmatic people honest image to further establish the foundation to further reinforce the basic level. Style of the building of the new results to promote the construction of a powerful force of the county and the ecological culture of the county and county construction.In educational practice activities of the unit is mainly: the county and below county departments under the organs, enterprises and institutions directly under the township, street, and community, village, non-public economic organizations, social organizations and other grass-roots organizations. Agencies and branches, each single unit, follow the rules on internal institutions. Educational practice with step by step.To adhere to the county leadership, leadership and leading cadres to focus on outstanding catch to directly contact the service of the masses of law supervision departments and window units, service industry, educational practice, pay attention to grasp the heavy towns, streets and villages, community education activities and the masses of grassroots groups in close contact to strengthen, and the majority of Party members, cadres and the mass line line Marx doctrine view of the masses and the party's education.Always speak seriously as a basic attitude, adhere to positive education, to carry out criticism and self criticism group, adhere to the pragmatic, more emphasis on leadership, pay more attention to the layers of the demonstration, more focus on the four winds, solve the problem, pay more attention to open the door, the participation of the masses, pay more attention to the classification guidance. Orderly, pay more attention to the cooperation and cohesion driven, more strict requirements on injection, really supervision practice, ensure education practice is not empty is not empty is not partial, not as a mere formality.Two, the key point of the taskThe main task of the county's education practice is to seize against "four wind" this focus on centralized solve outstanding problems asked County, township leadership and leading cadres of the four winds, the disadvantages of the style, scale behavior to a large scale investigation, overhaul, cleaning greatly. At the same time, respond to the concerns of the masses, safeguard the interests of the masses, pay attention to solve practical problems, solve the people around the unwholesome tendencies especially on eat, take the card, Yong lazy luxury, extravagance and waste fees, privileges and other issues, timely and effective, without any discount to solve, to improve the style of real implementation of the requirements of real to the grassroots, real let group Benefit the public.(a) focus on solving the "four winds" outstanding issuesThe central and provincial requirements, the county leadership and leading cadres of key performance concept is not correct, do not dare to play, to engage in "image project", "political project", a leadership guide, a set of ideas, orders and prohibitions, and a policy, there are countermeasures county. The units directly under the heavy focus on solving Yung lazy drag, buck passing skin, work is not implemented, the service is not active. The dynamic problem of law enforcement and supervision departments and window units, service industry mainly solve the door hard, ugly face, something difficult, and arbitrary charges, fines, levies, and breach of privilege, chinakayao, not the problem of law. The township, street The collar of leading bodies and leading cadres to solve key does not care about the well-being of the masses, the sense of responsibility is not strong, go to implement the policy of benefiting shrink, work style is simple and crude, falsifying false fraud and other issues. The village, community based organizations at the grass-roots level is mainly to solve the weak and feeble, and awareness and ability to serve the people is not strong, unjustly and other issues.Municipal Party committee, county leadership and leadership cadres targeted solution to stem from generation to generation theory of learning and learning, thinking and understanding of low low, non boundary is not clear, father-in-law private is not divided, the inner world of emptiness, ginseng in feudal superstition, values dislocation, justice back; keen to on the run, do not pay attention to down and down to earth, and improve the people's livelihood and not enough attention; the use of policy research, promote the development plan of thought is not clear, do not respect the objective laws of law, not to contact the local reality, to work on, Dianmianjiege, solve complex problems, a lot of ways; organization sense lax discipline Chi, eat Eat and drink, or hold, as the style is not enough to listen to the views of democracy, is not sufficient. The problems in county units directly under the needle to solve all departments, regardless of the immediate, regardless of the overall care, long far, problems encountered around, interests struggle, work obstruction, objective reasons to find on the level assigned by the office the task of top do not do, for people to do things for various reasons do not drag on the business policy; eat out, are not allowed to grasp the situation of grass-roots work, the standard is not high, but had to go, not for the hard life, I wish you work; accustomed to when the second pass hand, to implement the conference meeting, to document the implementation of documents, Mechanically, and mechanical operation, inspection and assessment of excessive and indiscriminate procedures too cumbersome, the service efficiency is not high; back to work late and leave early, off-site their labor does not contribute, work, play games, go to Taobao, do private affairs. Law enforcement and supervision departments and window units, service industry for the solution of departmental interests first, set up the trap of consumption, and increase their cost, making things difficult for the masses, yuminzhengli; engage in selective enforcement, arbitrary enforcement, and does not give the benefits do not work, give the benefits of out of work, do human case, relations case, money case. Township. Street leadership and leading cadres have needle To solve the service consciousness is not strong, and waiting for the door, need to take the initiative to ask less, "day" phenomenon is serious, the masses who can not find work; don't respect people meaning will not pay attention to do ideological work, administrative work force, attitude toward the masses evil bad rebuked; awareness of the law and policy ideas is not strong, not in accordance with the law and legal procedures, arbitrary misappropriate by taking of project funds, to deceive the masses, and fool superior; the masses deduction of property, and the masses of money owed, on account, a bunch of problems depend, against the interests of the masses. The village, community organizations and so on have a needle to solve the ability to lead the masses out of poverty to get rich The policy is not strong, and is not in place, excellent affectionate friends and other issues.According to our actual County, county led the leadership and leading cadres to solve outstanding neglect of theoretical study, relaxed ideological uplifting, the transformation of the subjective world is not enough; the development of consciousness is not strong, the lack of a pioneering spirit of innovation and development of extension and planning work style, the starting point is not high; the work style of the wind drift, work strength is insufficient promote the working poor, pointing problem. Agatanoatae departments (units) to solve the conflict outstanding overall awareness is not strong, a unit of interests, to push and push, can avoid to be avoided, "buck" style of play; the wind is not practical, formalism, take office remote command, issue orders left and right; the development of service ability; On the higher level policy is not strong, don't eat thoroughly, grasp the information held to get large projects, good projects, not many democratic consciousness; indifferent Bo, autocratic, project implementation and financial management policy is not strict, not according to the provisions of the compression three funds, private, a "small exchequer" work, reception and public service vehicles to exceed the standard, Gongjusiyong, gongsibufen; discipline loose, fine depressed, apathetic, baggy collapse. Problems of law enforcement and supervision departments and window units, service industry to solve the standard process prominent light weight rights bureau, light duty, light service charge, regardless of weight, the global and the interests of the masses, not As slow as, as the chaos; are keen to shout slogans, slogans, really not good in service, and do practical things. Problems of Rural Township, street leading bodies and leading cadres to solve outstanding stem development consciousness is not strong, unclear thinking, with the current situation, progress, innovation consciousness is not strong. The work did not pick up, appearance change is the sense of purpose; desalination, not understanding of public opinion, not good at doing all the work of the masses, reflect some problems of setting aside, long failed; style is not democracy, serious paternalism, listen to different views, "What I say goes. Tang; hhrrc idle away in seeking pleasure and so on village. Community organizations and so on, but also highlight the fabric to solve the ideological concept of old concept, weak, lazy, too and, fighting force is not enough to play enough; lack of respect for the masses, work without principles, they enforced the policy breach of privilege, engage in "shrink aliasing," local policies, damage the interests of the masses;; the lack of sense of responsibility, avoid everything to hide things timid, occupied the position of secretary, shape useless work method; rough simple, engage in coercion, resort to deceit, and abuse of power, lawlessness and other issues. The school to highlight the occupation belief to solve read shake, the spirit of dedication is not enough, the lack of a noble. Desalination, realm, the status of the student body, the spirit of unremitting slack, satisfied with the existing level and achievement; school administrative management, value orientation of utilitarianism, than the performance to be better than the treatment, than fame, accepted by the parents a gift, education and teaching quality is not high, the reform of teaching and research ability is not strong; school behavior is not standardized, weight should try, light quality, disorderly enrollment, charges fees, arbitrary subscription supplementary information, not before class preparation, classroom lecture class disorderly mess, makeup, do not read homework, "" day "phenomenon. The problems in medical and health institutions to solve the outstanding health ethics is not high Yifeng is, dedication is not enough, The lack of a sense of responsibility, minor illnesses Dazhi, prescription; service, cumbersome procedures, registration fees, and the time of taking the medicine, long treatment time is short, efficiency is not high; treat patients face cold tone, gas blunt, arrogant, buck passing skin, the doctor-patient relationship is not harmonious; professional ability is not strong, service quality is not high, climbing competition prevailed; the spirit of low-spirited vibration, lax discipline, and post their income by kickbacks and envelopes, patients receiving home family banquets and other issues. The non-public economic group organization to resolve outstanding overall concept, social responsibility is not strong, law-abiding integrity consciousness about the production and operation, and service quality is not high; reform Development and upgrading of the reform is not active, internal management institutions are not scientific, major issues in decision-making democracy is not high degree of democracy, disregard of the interests of workers, job consumption is not standardized and other issues.Authorities at all levels and their subordinate units and grassroots organizations should focus on solving it organization slack, slack discipline problems. To deepen and expand the effectiveness of the storm action as an important content of various organs to carry out educational practice activities, continue to play well to improve the style of work, the transformation of government functions, optimizing the administrative environment, standardize administrative law enforcement act, the implementation of major responsibility "55 big battle" to further improve the service quality and administrative efficiency, establish a good image of good.(two) focus on solving the problem of the vital interests of the massesAdhere to the people convenience, in trying to force, according to the principle of cutting to protect and improve people's livelihood work, perfecting the social security system, and strive to improve the level of basic public service equalization etc., so that the people share more to enjoy the fruits of reform and development. The group to meet the needs of the masses, increase investment, product positive measures to do a number of large audience, benefit benefit deep practical good, strive to solve the masses of medical school, medical treatment, road, housing, employment and other aspects. On the surface, safeguard the interests of the masses, improve the implementation of the constraint system, and improve the cost of illegal, increase accountability accountability force Degree, efforts to solve the ecological environment, food and drug safety, production safety, social security, law enforcement and judicial law, land acquisition and other aspects of public interests. The damage to people around the urban and rural integration, and accelerate the pace of construction of small towns, counties and small towns to improve the road, water, electricity, heating, gas, housing etc. infrastructure, continue to do a good job of urban management, focusing on remediation litter, chaotic pendulum stalls, the vehicle vehicle parked. Around the help do poverty alleviation, push the "double" action "and" 1236 "anti poverty crucial action, with Gai Shanji and infrastructure to increase the income of the farmers as the focus, vigorously implement the whole force village and easily Poverty alleviation moving relocation project, cultivation of fruit, potatoes, livestock, vegetables, and other special industries, grasp the dynamic training of rural social assistance work in labour, and efforts to solve the problem of production and life of the poor vulnerable groups. Around the body construction of harmonious society, strengthen the communication with the masses sincerely, smooth mass appeal channels expression channels, do conflict investigation and the product to resolve the backlog work, maintain social stability, enhance the sense of security, improve the satisfaction degree, let the masses feel the social fairness and justice.(three) efforts to solve the problem of contact service masses "last mile"In order to strengthen the construction of service-oriented grassroots party organization as the starting point, focus on grasping the party building, to maintain stability, promote development, to further promote the vanguard of Hui Hui's people's livelihood, actions, and lay a solid foundation of innovation. The service of the masses organization party organization set up, take the mining village enterprises, the construction of "" multinational joint building "," regional construction "industry chain branch etc., continuous optimization of grassroots party organizations, Party organizations and expand the coverage of work covered. Grasp grasp leader team construction, conscientiously implement the provincial Party committee" on the further strengthening of the village Party Secretary team building meeting >, optimal selection with strong village leaders, and strengthen college-graduate village official (Village The Ministry of Education) and tracking management, focus on building a strong sense of service, service ability and strong team, grass-roots party organization Secretary style of service good. Do the development of Party member, strict entrance fall off ", implement the three class, public commitment, democratic appraisal education management system and give full play to vanguard role. As the service of the masses into the rich carrier, to further expand the" red flag terrace Kingdom party brand connotation, establish and perfect the whole villages and towns, streets and villages, community public service outlets, the implementation of the party organization and party commitment Jiannuo, twinning, window units and service industries such as instant evaluation price System, the full implementation of the "line of work", "public pipeline engineering", "five vanguard", the "party shifangang" star rating, a rating of the party, grassroots organizations to enhance service function and improve the service level. Security guarantee system, to establish a stable base group and basic public organization operation. Service fee funds safeguard mechanism, strengthen the village collective economic accumulation, promote human, money, material, further implement love and tilt to the grassroots, grassroots cadres policy, fully mobilize the enthusiasm of the service of the masses, to ensure that all work, rich work, a chapter everything.Three, step by stepThe educ