高考作文素材--永远曼德拉(国外英文资料)

　 高考作文素材--永远的曼德拉(国外英文资料)

　The composition of the college entrance examination material - eternal Mandela

　Local time on December 5, 2013, former South African President Nelson Mandela died at the age of 95. Despite the early psychological expectations. But at the moment when the news of Mandela's death came, the whole world was shocked and abandoned, and in sorrow.

　Mandela's life is legendary. Few people are known as great men in their lifetimes, but Mandela deserves it. Mandela, the world-famous Nobel Peace Prize winner, in order to overthrow the Afrikaner rule of racism, his prison wall 27 years, were extremely hard and bitter struggle as long as 50 years. Finally, from the prisoner became the first black president of South Africa, creating a unified democratic situation for New South africa.

　The greatest glory in life is not in never falling, but in rising after falling. I appreciate this elastic state of life, experience the wind and rain happily, laugh at life." In his autobiography, the long road of freedom, Mandela wrote the true glory of his life.

　After the death of Mandela, South African President Jacob Zuma announced that South Africa will hold a state funeral for Mandela. The country from December 6th until the end of the landing to half mast, a state funeral. A British diplomat said: "he is the hero, his funeral will be the largest since the funeral of Churchill. I think any country wants to be involved."

　"The founder of our democracy, Mandela, left us," Zuma said in a televised address to the nation. Now he's in peace, our country has lost one of its greatest sons, and our people have lost a father...... This is our saddest moment."

　"Mandela fought for freedom and earned respect all over the world. His humility, love and humanity earned him affection. Mandela's greatness lies in his love for mankind. His quality is what we seek." Zuma urged the people of South Africa inherited the legacy of Mandela, the establishment of a without exploitation and oppression and racial and gender discrimination, more democratic and prosperous society.

　Chieftain's son to revolutionary Gladiator

　Mandela was born in July 18, 1918 in South Africa, a tribal chief Keith family, his father Ge de la Mandela as local chief adviser to Jokintapa Darindiyabo Buren Teng, married 4 wives, 4 sons and 9 daughters. Mandela was the eldest son of the family and was appointed heir to the chief, and the tribe called him "Ma Di BA"".

　Mandela writes in his autobiography "the long road of freedom" that parents are illiterate and are pious christians. He was restrained by custom, religion and taboos when he was young and let go of the cattle.

　Mandela is the only educated child in the family. At the age of 7, his mother was sent to a church gunu primary school, the teacher gave him the name "Nelson". At the age of 9, his father died. Mandela recalled, "he was feeling helpless". However, he seems to have inherited his father's rebellious character and his insistence on fairness, leaving a mark on his growing up career.

　After that, the mother took him to the palace of the leader, Joakim Thapa, as a bodyguard.

　Mandela lives with Joakim Thapa's children. He recalled the time, and the leader treated him like a son, and he felt like a prince". In the palace, he heard the stories of his fathers against the English colonists and brought forth the idea of leading people to fight for freedom.

　At the age of 23, Mandela fled to Johannesburg in order to escape arranged marriage. Two years later, he began studying law at the University of Witwatersrand, interacting with students of different races and backgrounds, both racist and African, for the idea of freedom and equality and a passion for politics.

　He said, "never rule a oppressed tribe under the identity of a chieftain," but instead "join the cause of national liberation in the name of a soldier."". Subsequently, he resolutely embarked on the pursuit of national liberation road.

　In 1944, Mandela joined the African National Congress and began to devote himself to politics.

　The party opposes apartheid and seeks equal rights for colour and race. Not long after, he established the African National League for young people. Over the past few years, he has served as executive director of the ANC and vice president of the country.

　In the meantime, he opened a law firm in Cape Town with his partner, Oliver Tambo, to provide free or low-cost legal advice to blacks who could not afford a lawyer. At that time, South Africa's ruling Kuomintang, it represents the white ranchers and farmers and capitalists, advocates of the "white supremacy", formulated a series of laws and decrees that racism, Apartheid and racial discrimination system and institutionalized, the suppression of the black power movement, caused strong dissatisfaction with the black.

　According to the law at that time, black low status, can encounter any arrests, beatings and even shot; black white is not involved in shops, restaurants and entertainment venues, and not with white bus, can not drink, can not do business. Colour becomes the key to the fate of South africans.

　At a meeting of the ANC, Mandela published an article entitled "The Freedom Trail" there is no royal road to the speech: "we (South Africa) pain treatment time to, to bridge the rift we time, this time we should establish."

　Many people have evaluated the speech as a declaration of war against racist regimes".

　In 1960, the ANC was declared illegal by the authorities, and Mandela was forced to move underground. In March 21st of the same year, the South African police in large-scale anti racist public demonstrations in Sharpeville bloody crackdown, killed 69 people, injured more than 100 people, led to the massacre Sharpeville shocked the world "".

　A year later, Mandela won the respect of all blacks by creating the secret military organization of the ANC, the spear of the nation, and vowing to strive for equality and justice for all the people of South Africa at all costs.

　Sowing in prison"

　In 1962, the South African government arrested Mandela for "sedition" and "illegally go abroad", and sentenced him to life imprisonment two years later on the crime of attempting to overthrow the government by violence.

　Mandela was in prison for 27 years until he was released in 1990.

　Mandela was first imprisoned in a Pretoria jail where clothes were picked up and an African special prison suit was given: a pair of shorts and a coarse Khaki shirt......" Mandela protested with no shorts.

　The guards later allowed Mandela to wear trousers, but kept him in solitary confinement. In his autobiography, Mandela wrote, "solitary loneliness while in custody, sometimes" want to chat with a cockroach ", and wanting to talk to him with an apple" buy off "a prison guard.

　In 1964, Mandela was transferred to Robben Island. He recalls, where the cell is less than 4.5 square meters, summer heat and winter cold, the prisoner wearing a jacket under the supervision of armed guards in the quarry. Handling and knock stone sounds is not a very complicated work, but because of the limestone in the sun, reflecting strong, many prisoners had been affected by this, but Mandela's eye is from the beginning of that time was, until a later date he has left a serious sequela. In addition to visual impairment, there are plenty of places for Mandela to worry about: a bit of slow action, and a half step out of the quarry, he'll be shot......

　In prison, Mandela read a lot of books, in addition to language and economics books, he also read Mao Zedong's book.

　One day, Mandela told the warden put forward a request, he hopes to agree with his prison opened a garden in the prison yard, although the prison has repeatedly rejected, but eventually agreed to the requirements of this little stubborn Mandela.

　It was this tiny garden where Mandela had been working for 5 years, growing nearly 900 plants.

　Plant a seed, watch it grow, take care of it, reap, bring me simple and lasting joy...... In a sense, I view the vegetable garden as a symbol of my life."

　The jailed Mandela has been unable to meet with his family. In 1969, Mandela's 24 year old son was killed in a car crash while he was not allowed to attend the funeral. "When I heard the news of my son's death, I was trembling from top to bottom."

　In another memoir, talking to himself, Mandela talks about his guilt about his family and wants people not to think of him as a saint". "In prison, something deeply bothered me. I inadvertently showed the world a false image and was taken as a saint...... I have never been a saint, but a sinner who has been working hard."

　In 1982, Mandela left Robben Island, he was transferred to the prison Powles moore. Since then, Mandela has ended his 18 year captivity in Robben Island. In 1984, Mandela was allowed to "contact" with his wife. When his wife heard the news that Mandela may be sick, when two people visit, they hugged each other together, Mandela said: "over the years, this is the first time I kiss my wife. In fact, I haven't touched her hand for 21 years."

　South Africa's first black president

　In February 11, 1990, after 27 years in captivity, Mandela, 71, walked out of the prison gate as a winner. When a fear of revenge is inevitable, Mandela chooses to conquer the world with tolerance and reconciliation. He told some radical black organizations not to drive white men into the sea, but to throw your weapons into the sea.

　Later filed a prison mood for the day, Mandela said: "when I walked out of prison, crossed the prison gates to freedom, I have made it clear that he can grief and resentment if left behind, so I'm really still in prison."

　In 1993, the South African Parliament, by overriding its new constitution, extended the rights of the original white people to all South African citizens, marking the end of the history of the white monopoly of South African legislatures. In the same year, Mandela shared the Nobel peace prize with the then president of South Africa, DeKlerk.

　In 1994, Mandela was elected the first black president in South Africa for the first time in a racially independent election. During his administration, he pushed for racial reconciliation, raised the political status and standard of living of the black people, and paid attention to safeguarding the rights of the white people and making them live and work in peace and contentment.

　Mandela said, "Not Apartheid. Journey to the last step, just walk up a long bumpy road, because freedom is not just to get out of the chain, but to respect and promote others from South way to live".

　During his presidency, Mandela worked on the image of South Africa, the world's "Rainbow country", free and equal life in the New South Africa, regardless of colour or sex.

　President Jacob Zuma said, "since 1994, South Africa's economy has grown by 83%, and the national per capita income has risen by 40%."." He paid tribute to Mandela and other anti apartheid fighters, who thanked them for their sacrifices and laid the foundation for South Africa's development.

　Mandela and China

　It is no exaggeration to say that in today's China, Mandela is the most familiar South African of the chinese".

　The origins of Mandela and China opened in his early life in Cape Town. At that time he was a lawyer during the day and an amateur boxer in the evening. On weekdays, love reading, especially the "art of war" such a strategic book. The grandson advocated for five - Wilson Yan Renyong ", Mandela identity. He followed the grandson of friends, baizhanbudai "strategy, that only know the enemy, the enemy can be defeated.

　In the 27 years of prison time, Chinese experience of Revolution influenced Mandela. In his dialogue with his old friend Richard Stengel, who helped write his autobiography "the long road of freedom", he can see his admiration for the Chinese revolution. Mandela said, "the Chinese revolution is really a masterpiece and a real masterpiece.". If you understand the way they carry out the revolution,

　You'll believe everything is possible. The Chinese revolution is really a miracle."

　For more than a year after his freedom, Mandela visited many countries, and China is a country he has always been obsessed with. When Qian Qichen, then China's foreign minister, wrote in his later diplomatic ten book: "Mandela said that he had long admired China and wanted to see that great land and people.". Only in 1991 October to visit the Far East, the schedule is too tight, difficult to achieve. China is a great country. It can not be made too hastily during the visit. It will be easier in the coming year. We can take a good look at China at that time."

　From October 4, 1992 to 10, Mandela's 74 year old trip to China finally took place. At the Diaoyutai State Guest House, a Chinese painter painted a portrait for him.

　He chatted with the artist: "when I first got out of prison, I met a 13 year old girl in the street.". She said, "you were handsome before you went to jail, and you got ugly after getting out of jail."...... I was always looking forward to growing up when I was young, but now I'm old and want to be young."

　In May 1999, Mandela visited China as president of South Africa and became the first South African head of state to visit China. This was the second and last visit to china. In the meantime, he was affectionately said at the Robben Island jail, every "eleven", he and the inmates will celebrate the national day with a unique Chinese handshake, because they think China is a symbol of revolution, independent. The traditional friendship between the people of South Africa and China people, heroic struggle Chinese Red Army Long March, China people for the liberation of the Chinese and had to struggle against Apartheid in South Africa's great encouragement.

　Unresolved social problems

　In 1999, Mandela stepped down as president. After retiring, Mandela was enthusiastic about philanthropy, founded the Mandela foundation and the Mandela children's foundation, and issued a voice of peace and justice on international issues.

　In recognition of Mandela's contribution to peace and freedom, the United Nations General Assembly in 2009 designated Mandela's birthday July 18th as "international Nelson Mandela day"". United Nations Secretary General Ban Ki-moon praised Mandela as a model of global citizenship".

　Mandela's first term as president of New South Africa lasted only a term, and despite his short reign, he solved many of the tough issues, but left many unresolved social problems.

　Today, South Africa has a long way to go to build a non racist society in terms of institutions, ideas and culture because of racist ideas. As the former South African President Mbeki in South Africa in May 1998 the national parliament referred to as the "two nations" the speech said: "South Africa is a country of two ethnic groups, including ethnic whites are relatively wealthy, a large number of black people is very poor. We did not become a nation. As a result, the goal of national reconciliation has not yet been achieved. Although the birth of democracy has brought us the gift of hope, but if this situation lasts for a long time, the national construction idea is just a basic no mirage, in order to achieve national reconciliation so no more."

　After all, the racial discrimination policy and apartheid system that lasted for more than 300 years have laid a deep racist imprint on the political and socio-economic life of South africa. After the founding of the New South Africa, although the apartheid and racial discrimination laws were abolished, but nearly a hundred years of apartheid heritage but in the short term is difficult to eliminate, racism still has the benefit or force, racism continues. In most cases, people still associate with their own people and identify primarily with whites, blacks, colored people, or indians. So is the party activities, members of all political parties is mainly composed of the same race and ethnic groups of people: the majority of members of the ANC is black, Inkatha Freedom Party people most is the Zulu, the vast majority of the new Kuomintang and the Democrats are white and other colored.

　The bigger problem is corruption. Since 1994,

　The problem of corruption is getting worse. In 1999, Transparency International, the international transparency organization, blacklisted 85 countries plagued by corruption". South Africa ranked thirty-second. Some of the disclosure of major corruption cases include: the Department of social welfare and population development of some officials corrupt government poverty relief and retirees grant millions of Rand; some officials in Western Cape partnership embezzlement 57 million Rand; general longer Mpumalanga Financial Secretary Ma Xiele for alleged corruption 51 million Rand was dismissed from office; the government in the province to invest billions of aertrycke Rand housing project into a "tofu" project; government officials and builders of government money just partnership corruption in the construction of 65 thousand houses; the municipal government has a total of about 10000000000 Rand utilities is corrupt "eat"; the 400 buses have been lost, etc.. Corruption has cost governments and taxpayers hundreds of millions of Rand a year.

　The root cause of corruption is that the rule of law and the supervision and restriction of the system can not keep up with the great changes of society, politics and economy. In 1994, after the political power of blacks, some officials were not satisfied with the fact that the government had provided officials with much better living conditions (such as preferential housing, buses, high salaries, etc.) than during the white government. They believe that white people can enjoy what they can enjoy economically, otherwise they can not be called "equal degree"". Therefore, they use their power to use unscrupulous divisive tactics to make money.

　Nelson Mandela has died, these problems need social legacy of his successor, Jacob Zuma to solve.

　In the Zulu culture of South Africa, when very old people die, people call it "going home."". His legend is like the famous "glorious years" written by Beyond, a famous band in Hongkong: "the bell rings, and the signal of returning home is in his life."...... Black flesh gives him meaning, it is life dedication......"