惠东地区儿童社区获得性轮状病毒感染流行病学研究
时间：2020-11-26 16:06:35 来源：达达文档网 本文已影响 人 
邓正铭 刘立馗 翁志他
【摘要】 目的：本文主要對惠东地区儿童社区获得性轮状病毒感染的流行病学特征进行研究，为临床诊疗和疫苗研制提供重要的理论依据。方法：选取笔者所在医院2018年3月-2019年3月社区获得性感染腹泻患儿共2 286例作为研究对象，采集患儿的新鲜粪便作为标本，进行轮状病毒抗原检测，并使用免疫层析双抗体夹心法（胶体金法）和RT-PCR法进行G血清分型检测，分析其流行病学特征并掌握轮状病毒流行株。结果：2 286例标本中轮状病毒阳性检出1 016例，阳性检出率为44.4%，不同性别患儿的轮状病毒感染腹泻检出率差异无统计学意义（字2=0.04，P=0.979）;发病年龄主要集中在5个月～3岁的患儿，与>3岁且≤5岁年龄段比较，差异有统计学意义（字2=27.99，P=0.000）;流行季节高峰为秋冬季（即9月至次年2月份），其主要临床症状以稀水样便为主，常伴有发热、呕吐、脱水等。引起轮状病毒感染的危险因素主要有吮指习惯、陪护人员卫生意识差、进食不健康物品、不良的清洁习惯、儿童护理知识水平低下、未按时进行疫苗接种等;在G血清分型检测上显示，G3型患儿人数最多，为流行株型号;G1次之。结论：轮状病毒感染是笔者所在县5岁以下儿童急性腹泻的主要致病因素之一，秋冬季为高发季节，主要感染病毒流行株为G3型和G1型，其危险因素主要与不良卫生习惯、儿童护理知识不全面等因素密切相关，临床医护人员应当予以重视，通过掌握其流行病学特征，设定针对性的诊疗计划，并做好相应健康指导。
【关键词】 惠东地区 儿童轮状病毒感染 流行病学研究
doi：10.14033/j.cnki.cfmr.2020.08.071 文献标识码 B 文章编号 1674-6805（2020）08-0-03
Epidemiological Study on Community Acquired Rotavirus Infection in Children in Huidong District/DENG Zhengming， LIU Likui， WENG Zhita. //Chinese and Foreign Medical Research， 2020， 18（8）：
-171
[Abstract] Objective：
To study the epidemiological characteristics of community acquired rotavirus infection in children in Huidong district， and to provide important theoretical basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment and vaccine development selection. Method：
From March 2018 to March 2019， 2 286 children with diarrhea in our hospital during community acquired infections were selected as the research object， the fresh dejection as specimens of children with rotavirus antigen detection were collected， and double antibody immune chromatography clip art （colloidal gold） and RT-PCR method for G serotyping detection were used to analyzed the epidemiological characteristics and master the rotavirus epidemic strains. Result：
There were 1 016 positive rotavirus infection specimens， with a positive rate of 44.44%. There was no statistically significant difference in the detection rate of rotavirus infection diarrhea in infants of different genders （字2=0.04， P=0.979）. The age of onset was mainly 5 months to 3 years old， compared with above 3 to 5 years old， there was significant difference （字2=27.99， P=0.000）. The high incidence of rotavirus infection occurred in autumn （September， October and November） and winter （December， January and February）. The clinical symptoms of rotavirus infection mainly include fever， vomiting， dehydration， upper respiratory tract infection， etc. The main risk factors for rotavirus infection were finger sucking habits， poor health awareness of caregivers， unhealthy food， poor cleaning habits， and delayed vaccination， etc. The G blood typing test showed that the number of patients with G3 type was the largest， which was the popular strain G1. Conclusion：
Rotavirus infection is one of the main causes of diarrhea in children in huidong area. The incidence of diarrhea is high in autumn and winter， and the main epidemic strains of rotavirus are G3 and G1. The risk factors are closely related to the bad health habits and the incomplete knowledge of childrens nursing. The clinical medical staff should pay attention to it， set up the targeted diagnosis and treatment plan， and do a good job of health guidance by mastering its epidemiological characteristics.
