浅谈英语的形容词和副词
时间：2020-11-25 10:04:23 来源：达达文档网 本文已影响 人 
石玉侠
初中英语教学中的形容词和副词是教学的难点和重点.初中学生对此很是迷惑.据此我想谈谈自己的感受
英语的形容词和副词在语法结构中主要用于原级、比较级和最高级。形容词和副词的构成形式基本上一样，他们的形式与单音节、双音节、多音节有关，当然还有它特殊形式．形容词和副词的基本用法分为同级比较、比较级和最高级三种形式．但这三种形式都有它们的特殊的表达方式以及他们的惯用法．对以下要点大家要一一掌握．
第一节 形容词的比较级和最高级的形式
一、形容词比较级和最高级的构成
1.一般单音节词末尾加er或est,如
strong—stronger—strongest long—longer—longest
2.单音节词如果以e结尾,只加r或st,如：strange—stranger—strangest nice—nicer—nicest
3.以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母，应先双写这个辅音字母，再加er或est,如：big—bigger—biggest thin—thinner—thinnest
4.少数双音节词末尾加er或est（以y结尾的词，如果y前是辅音字母，把y变i再加er或est）如：angry—angrier—angriest clever—cleverer—cleverest
5.其他双音节词和多音节词都在前面加more和most,如：┆
different—more different—most different
comfortable—more comfortable—most comfortable
例句：改错：
1)The most high mountain in the world is Mount Everest,which is situated in Nepal and is twenty-nine thousand and forty-one feet high.(正确答案：将most high改为highest)
2)This book is interestinger than that one I bought in Rapid City last year.(正确答案:将interestinger改为more interesting)
3)Doing English project is often differenter than doing math project every day.(正确答案:将differenter改为more different)
二、形容词的比较级或最高级的特殊形式:
1.三个或三个以上音节的形容词只能加more 或most.只能说more beautiful 而不能说beautifuller,只能说the most beautiful而不能说beautifullest.
但是,以形容词前缀un结尾的三音节形容词不适和上述情况,如unhappy,untidy可以说:unhappier—unhappiest,untidier—untidiest
2.由ING分词和ED分词演变过来的形容词(包括不规则动词如know—known)只能加more或most来表示他们的比较级和最高级.more(most)interesting,more(most)wounded等.
例句:The student in high school are tireder than those in Primary school.(正确答案:将tireder改为more tired)
3.英语里有些形容词由于其意义而不能有比较级形式,如:possible，whole 等.
三、不规则形容词的比较级和最高级
good/well—better—bestbad/ill—worse—worst
many/much—more—most little—less—least
farfarther—farthest
further—furthest
注意:形容词的最高级前必须加the.
例句:改错:
1)African elephants are larger and difficulter to tame than Asian elephants.(正确答案:将difficulter改为more difficult)
2)Of all the students in Class Six，Li Ming is a hardest.(正确答案:将a改为the)
第二节 副词的比较级和最高级的形式
副词的比较级和最高级的变化形式和形容词的变化形式基本一样.如:hard—harder—hardest fast—faster—fastest；
late—later—latest early—earlier—earliest
特殊副词如下:Well—better—best much—more—most；
badly—worse—worst little—less—least
但是以后缀ly结尾的副词不能像形容词那样加er或 est,如而应该加more或most构成比较级或最高级,如:quickly—more quickly—most quickly quietly—more quietly—most quickly
(注意:early中的 ly不是后缀,所以把y变i再加er和est)
第三节 形容词和副词的等级的基本用法
一、原级比较的基本用法
原级比较由“as+形容词或副词+ as”构成比较,表示两者比较.其否定形式为“not as/词或副词+ as”,如:Mary is not as good as her sister at math.So she works harder than her；
Our classroom is as big as theirs now；
Lucy is not so healthy as Lily.Her mother often tells her to do more exercise.
二、比较级的基本用法
1.比较级由“形容词或副词的比较级+than+…”构成,表示两者/方比较.Than后面可以接句子,也可以接名词代词动词-ing等.(注意:有时可以省去than)如:
单选:1)She is older than
A.any other girl in the class
B.any girl in the class
C.all girls in the class
(正确答案:A)
2.注意than 前后所比较的人或物要一致,必须同类比较.如:
单选:2)Toms hair is longer than.
A.Mike B.MikesC.Mike does
(正确答案:B)
3)Sound travelsair.
A.faster through water than through
B.faster than through water and
C.through water faster and
(正确答案:A)
3.“the+形容词的比较级+of the two+…”形式,表示两者中有一个最……,如:
Lucy is the older of the twins.
Of the two boys，Jone is the better at Chinese.
4.“the +比较级+……，the+比较级+…….形式,表示“越……，越……”,如:
The harder you study，the better grades you will get.
The more beautiful our school is，the happier we will be.
三、最高级的基本用法
1.最高级用于三者或三者以上比较,句中常跟表示范围的短语或句子,如all，of all，in the world等第.如:
（1）The Changjiang River is the longest river in China.
（2）Of all the stars，the moon is the nearest to us.
（3）Tom works(the)hardest in his class.
（4）Xiao Ming is one of the tallest students in this school.
(注意:再次提示，形容词的最高级的前面必加the，副词的最高级前面可以不加the.如第一项的例句(3))
第四节 形容词和副词的特殊用法
一、as+原级+as possible,如:
Dont worry! I will get to your house as soon as possible.
He has as many books as Mary does.
二、“the same+名词+as”表示同等比较,如:
Today Tom wears the same clothes as I do.
Look! Mary has the same haircut as Linda.
三、比较级前可以加a little，a bit，a lot，much，even等做修饰语,如:
Tom has made much more progress in geography this semester.
The photos of Mars taken by satellite are even clearer than those taken from the earth.
第五节 兼有两种形式的副词
一、异形同义词,如slow与slowly quick与quicklyloud与loudly等第.这类动词用于比较级时,多使用前者.
例句:Allen was walking quickly，but George was walking even quicker.
The car went slower and slower until it came to a stop.
Lets see who can run quickest.
二、异形异义词,这类动词初中阶段学得很少,现举例说明.
1.hard adv.努力地 Hardly adv.几乎没有
例句:He works hard all day.他整天努力地工作；
He hardly works at all.他几乎不工作.
2.late adv..晚lately adv.最近
例句：You have come too late today；
What have you been doing lately?
3.wide adv.宽地 Widely adv.广泛地
例句:He opened the door wide；
English is widely used in the world.
