【加拿大的传统体育――曲棍球】 加拿大曲棍球
时间：2019-02-02 04:28:50 来源：达达文档网 本文已影响 人 
By: Tina Boikos Kids to Kids 国际交流计划推荐 网址：www.k2k2k.org Although not the official sport of Canada, when a Canadian is asked what sport they feel characterizes them as being Canadian, most will not hesitate to nominate ice hockey. Interestingly enough, statistics show that hockey is the most popular sport in Canada and Finland.
Ice hockey is played on a large, flat icy surface with a three inch (76.2 mm) diameter plastic disc called a puck. This puck is often frozen before high-level games to decrease the amount of bouncing and friction on the ice, allowing the puck to glide easily along the surface. Two teams of six players each compete to score as many goals as possible in their opponents net by whacking the puck into nets set up at the extremities of the rectangular rink. The players move the puck using long L-shaped sticks typically made of graphite or wood.
Games between two teams passing an object with long, usually wooden poles have been depicted throughout history. For example, 4,000 year-old drawings at the huge tombs in Egypt depict a sport resembling field hockey―a game that is exactly the same as ice hockey except played on ice. The 1527 Galway Statutes in Ireland made reference to “the horlinge of the litill balle with hockie stickes or staves.” The exact origin of the word hockey is uncertain. It may derive from the Old French word hoquet, meaning shepherd’s crook, or from the Middle Dutch word hokkie, meaning shack, although in common colloquial terms meant goal. Many of these games were developed for large flat fields, though where conditions allowed they were also played on ice. 17th century Dutch paintings show townsfolk playing a hockey-like game on a frozen lake.There are accounts of the glorious game being played in Canada as early as the beginning of the nineteenth century. The modern game, however, was initiated by students at McGill University in 1875.
Men’s ice hockey has been played at the Winter Olympics since 1924. North America’s National Hockey League (NHL) is the strongest professional ice hockey league, boasting top ice hockey players from around the globe. The NHL rules are slightly different from those used in Olympic ice hockey―the periods are 20 minutes long, counting downwards, and there are three periods.
The Stanley Cup (in French also known as La Coupe Stanley), is awarded annually by the NHL to the winning tem of the league. The Cup is the most coveted ice hockey club championship trophy in the world. It is commonly referred to as The Cup, The Holy Grail. The Stanley Cup is surrounded by many myths and traditions. One of the most well-known of which is the commemorative drinking of champagne from the Cup by the winning team of the season. A new Stanley Cup is not made each year―instead, the cup is passed on from winning team to winning team, from generation to generation. Amazingly, the Cup has the names of the winning team, managers, and staff engraved on it each year. The modern-day Stanley Cup awarded to winning teams is made of silver and nickel alloy. It has a height of 89.54 cm (35.25 inches) and weighs 15.5 kg (34.5 lb).
Interestingly, the Stanley Cup is the oldest sports trophy in North America. The trophy was donated by former Governor General of Canada Lord Stanley of Preston in 1892 as an award for Canada’s top-qranking amateur ice hockey club. In 1915, the two professional ice hockey organizations, the National Hockey Association (NHA) and the Pacific Coast Hockey Association (PCHA), made a pact in which their respective champions would face each other for the Stanley Cup. After a series of league mergers and folds, it became the championship trophy of the NHL in 1926. The Cup later became the NHL championship prize in 1947.
As with any cultural occurrence, hockey, especially in my hometown of Montreal, has created a virtual subculture, complete with its own terminology and cheers. Crazed fans encouraging Montreal’s hockey team can be heard chanting “Go Habs Go!” throughout the streets on the night where our team is playing a game. The following are some interesting expressions used by hockey fans and fanatics alike:
・Chirping―talking badly to opposing team members while playing
・Mucking it up―fighting on the ice, particularly in corners of the rink
・Between the pipes or in the cell―a goal
・Top Shelf/Drawer―A goal that enters the net in either of the top corners
・Bender―one who skates on the inside of his edge and ankle bends in
・Duster―one who is on the team but never plays
・Grinder―a player who works hard and is physical
・Sieve―Humorous term for a goalie who has a large amount of goals scored against
（责编：张楚武）
