川滇交界干热河谷地区农业气候资源特征
时间：2020-10-27 07:54:29 来源：达达文档网 本文已影响 人 
摘 要 利用四川攀枝花和云南华坪、元谋等3个时间序列较长的气象站地面观测资料，运用线性趋势法、气候倾向率法、Mann-Kendall非参数统计检验法等方法分析了川滇交界干热河谷地区光能、热量、水分和风能等农业气候资源特征。结果表明：川滇干热河谷地区光能资源丰富，热量资源充足，风能资源良好，但水分资源结构不平衡，易出现干旱。并且在全球气候变化背景下，光能、热量、水分和风能等农业气候资源都发生了明显的变化，对农业会造成一定的影响，如温度升高导致作物生长期延长，生长季热量增加，适宜种植范围扩大。≥10 ℃积温的增加为热量要求较高的热带经济作物种植提供了有利条件，川滇干热河谷地区适宜热带经济作物种植区域将增加。此外，农业气候资源的变化也会带来一定的负面影响，如冬季温度升高，将导致热带作物抗旱能力下降等。
关键词 干热河谷；农业气候资源；变化特征；四川；云南
中图分类号 S162.3 文献标识码 A
The Characteristics of Agricultural Climate Resources in the Dry-Hot Valley Area of Sichuan Province and Yunnan Province
DAI Shengpei1，2，3， LI Maofen1，2，3， LUO Hongxia1，2，3， LIU Haiqing4
1 Institute of Scientific and Technical Information， Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences， Haikou， Hainan 571101， China
2 Key Laboratory of Agricultural Remote Sensing， Ministry of Agriculture， Beijing 100081， China
3 Key Laboratory of Practical Research on Tropical Crops Information Technology in Hainan Provinve， Haikou， Hainan 571101， China
4 Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences， Haikou， Hainan 571101， China
Abstract The variation characteristics of light， heat， moisture and wind were analyzed using the linear trend method and Mann-Kendall non-parametric statistical test based on the daily meteorological observation data from three meteorological stations in the dry-hot valley areas of Sichuan Province and Yunnan Province. The results showed that the dry-hot valley areas was rich in solar energy， heat， and wind energy resources， but the water resources structure was uneven and prone to drought. In the context of global change， the agricultural climate resources such as light energy， heat， moisture and wind energy have changed obviously， which would cause some influences on agriculture. For example， the increase of temperature leads to the extension of crop growth period. The increase of ≥10 ℃ accumulated temperature provides favorable conditions for the cultivation of tropical economic crops. The suitable area for tropical economic crops in the dry-hot valley areas should be increased. In addition， changes in agricultural climate resources would also have a negative impact on agriculture， such as increased winter temperatures would result in decreased drought resistance in tropical crops.
Key words dry-hot valley； agricultural climate resources； variation characteristics； Sichuan province； Yunnan province
doi 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2018.06.028
農业气候资源既是农业自然资源十分重要的组成部分，也是农业生产的基本环境条件和能源物质[1]，直接影响农业生产过程[2]以及一个地区农业生产结构和布局、作物种类、种植耕作制度等[3]。在全球气候变化背景下，中国不同区域的农业气候资源都发生了一定程度变化[4]。华南沿海地区气温呈上升趋势，20世纪90年代以来增温更加明显；降水呈阶段性和周期性变化，50、70、90年代偏多，60、80年代偏少[5-8]；秋季蒸散量呈下降趋势[9]，太阳辐射是其主要制约因子[10]；≥10℃积温呈增加趋势，并向高纬度、高海拔扩展[11]，这为热量要求较高的热带作物生产种植提供了有利条件[12-13]。其他地区农业气候资源也同样发生了不同程度的变化[14]，如东北地区[15]、华东地区[16]等。
